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A. 动名词
一．动名词的基本形式
p.135
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主动形式 |
被动形式 |
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一般时 |
doing |
being done |
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完成时 |
having done |
having been done |
可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
一．动名词的基本用法：
1.能用动名词作宾语的的动词：英语中有些及物动词只能接-ing形式的宾语。熟记这些动词对正确使用语言有很大帮助。
1） mepskarfi（妹不食咖啡）这个杜撰的单词，每个字母都代表了一个或几个单词，即：
m---mind, miss，
e---enjoy,escape,
p---practise，
s---suggest,
k---keep,
a---avoid（避免），appreciate,advice,admit（承认）
r---risk,（冒险）,
f---finish,
i---imagine 等。
2）.“四大天王” 用动名词作宾语,而用不定式作宾补的动词：
advise , allow, permit, encourage
3）."八大金刚" remember, forget, stop, mean, try, regret, learn, go on
a) remember/forget/regret +to do表示没有做的动作 +doing表示已做的动作
eg.Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
I remember turning off the lights when I left the room.
I forgot seeing her before but she remembered seeing me.
I shall never forgot being invited to her 21st birthday party.
b) stop +to do停下来做另一件事 +doing停止做原来的事
eg.Every half an hour my uncle would stop to have a smoke.
As soon as Bob saw me, he stopped talking to his girl friend and came over.
c) try+to do努力做 +doing试一试做 try sth on试穿 try out试验
eg.I have tied to make friends with him, but he seems not to care.
If no on
d) mean+doing意思是 +to do想要做
e) learn to do学会做 learn doing学做
f) go on to do go on doing
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.
而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
4）.“五朵金花” need , demand, want, require 表示“需要”, be (well) worth doing”值得做”的用法, 用主动形式来表示被动含义．
Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
be worth doing/to be done
be worthy to be done/ of being done
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。
5）除上述外，还有些固定词组，如
can’t help…，
give up…，
feel like…，
keep on…，
set about（着手）…，get down to 但是，set out to do
prevent／stop／keep sb from…，
object to（反对）…，
insist on（坚持）…，
persist in（坚持）…，
put off（推迟）…,。
It’s no good/ use doing sth.
此外，1）begin/start + to do/ doing 意义相同
2）used to do /be(get) used to doing
3）“很“的几个译法:
a. very+形容词，副词的原级;不能说明动词或形容词，副词的比较级
b. much+动词或形容词，副词的比较级
c. be well worth doing很值得做
d. be fast asleep熟睡在（位置，时间）后
e. nice and+形容词原级 eg. The boy is nice and clever.
2.动名词的完成时：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，
1、I don’t remember _____.
A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that D. ever said that C
2、I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了这样的事。
3.动名词的被动式
1、No on
2、Susan was very unhappy for not _____ to the party.
A. to be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invited B
4.动名词的逻辑主语
当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时： 可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。
1、He forgot about _____ him to attend my wife’s birthday party.
A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask B。
物主代词+动名词，构成动名词的复合结构，做介词 about 的宾语。
2、I object to his （him）making private calls on the office phone.
我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话。
5.动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略。
I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。
What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？
risk后接动名词做宾语，risk（in）doing sth.中的介词in常省略。
Eg. Don’t risk _____ the job which so many people want.
A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life to lose A
6.有的动词后的to 既可以是不定式符号，又可以是介词，使用时要特别注意。
1、You don’t object _____ you by your first name, do you?
A. for me to call B. me to call C. to my calling D. my calling C
2、The students are looking forward to _____ their parents in winter vacation.
A. see B. watch C. seeing D. being seen C （句中to是介词）
七、动名词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：
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look forward to （渴望，盼望）, be proud of （以……自豪）, be responsible for （对……负责）, insist on （坚持）, think of （考虑，想到）, hear of （听说）, dream of （梦想）, object to （反对，抗议） prevent…from （防止，阻止）, keep…from （防止，阻止）, stop…from （防止，阻止）, be engaged in （从事于）, depend on （依靠，依赖）, |
thank…for （因……而道谢） excuse…for （因……而道歉）, aim at （目的在于）, devote…to （献身于）, set about （着手做）, be/get used to （习惯于）, be fond of （喜欢）, be afraid of （害怕）, be tired of （对……厌烦） succeed in （成功地做……） be interested in （对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of （对……感到羞愧） |
I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。
They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。
需要特别注意的是，动名词作介词to的宾语时，极易与不定式结构混淆。这类词组有：
get down to, pay attention to, look forward to,
be /get used to(习惯于，适应于),lead to(导致), stick to, object to等。例如：
Let's get down to writing the agreement.
Are you used to living in China?
注意：-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：
He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.
除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。（比较Except for对结果的修正）
On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy.
听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。
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